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Language, Truth and Logic
by Alfred Jules Ayer • 1936
A single test separates meaningful statements from nonsense, and most of philosophy fails it.
3.75
4k+
Language, Truth and Logic Summary
Language, Truth and Logic 95%
A single test separates meaningful statements from nonsense, and most of philosophy fails it.
by Alfred Jules Ayer 1936
3.75
4k+ ratings
Wittgenstein
by Anthony Kenny • 1973
He built a perfect logical language, then demolished it. Meaning is public, not private.
3.87
197
Wittgenstein Summary
Wittgenstein 94%
He built a perfect logical language, then demolished it. Meaning is public, not private.
by Anthony Kenny 1973
3.87
197 ratings
Philosophical Investigations
by Ludwig Wittgenstein • 1953
Philosophy's deepest problems dissolve when you stop asking what words mean and watch how they work.
4.26
16k+
Philosophical Investigations Summary
Philosophical Investigations 94%
Philosophy's deepest problems dissolve when you stop asking what words mean and watch how they work.
by Ludwig Wittgenstein 1953
4.26
16k+ ratings
Philosophy in the Modern World
by Anthony Kenny • 2007
The century when philosophy stopped asking what exists and started asking what words mean.
3.85
191
Philosophy in the Modern World Summary
Philosophy in the Modern World 93%
The century when philosophy stopped asking what exists and started asking what words mean.
by Anthony Kenny 2007
3.85
191 ratings
维特根斯坦传:天才之为责任
by 英] 瑞·蒙克
His philosophy solved logic. His life proved logic was never his real subject.
4.68
19
维特根斯坦传:天才之为责任 Summary
维特根斯坦传:天才之为责任 93%
His philosophy solved logic. His life proved logic was never his real subject.
by 英] 瑞·蒙克
4.68
19 ratings
Doing Philosophy
by Timothy Williamson • 2018
Philosophy is a science that tests ideas with thought experiments, and the best explanation wins.
3.67
213
Doing Philosophy Summary
Doing Philosophy 93%
Philosophy is a science that tests ideas with thought experiments, and the best explanation wins.
by Timothy Williamson 2018
3.67
213 ratings
I Think, Therefore I Laugh
by John Allen Paulos • 1985
A mathematician's tour of logic's strangest corners, where every lesson arrives disguised as a joke.
3.48
245
I Think, Therefore I Laugh Summary
I Think, Therefore I Laugh 92%
A mathematician's tour of logic's strangest corners, where every lesson arrives disguised as a joke.
by John Allen Paulos 1985
3.48
245 ratings
Speech Acts
by John Rogers Searle • 1969
Language doesn't just describe actions. It IS action, governed by rules that create the game.
3.89
509
Speech Acts Summary
Speech Acts 92%
Language doesn't just describe actions. It IS action, governed by rules that create the game.
by John Rogers Searle 1969
3.89
509 ratings
There Are Two Errors in the the Title of This Book
by Robert M. Martin • 1992
Logic, morality, identity: each cracks under a well-chosen paradox. This book chooses well.
4.01
247
There Are Two Errors in the the Title of This Book Summary
There Are Two Errors in the the Title of This Book 92%
Logic, morality, identity: each cracks under a well-chosen paradox. This book chooses well.
by Robert M. Martin 1992
4.01
247 ratings
The Problems of Philosophy
by Bertrand Russell • 1912
Your senses are private. Matter is an inference. Timeless universals hold the rest.
3.90
19k+
The Problems of Philosophy Summary
The Problems of Philosophy 92%
Your senses are private. Matter is an inference. Timeless universals hold the rest.
by Bertrand Russell 1912
3.90
19k+ ratings
The Logic of Sense
by Gilles Deleuze • 1969
Sense is not a thing but an event, a surface effect where language meets the world.
4.29
1k+
The Logic of Sense Summary
The Logic of Sense 91%
Sense is not a thing but an event, a surface effect where language meets the world.
by Gilles Deleuze 1969
4.29
1k+ ratings
Objective Communication
by Leonard Peikoff • 1980
Most communication floats free of reality. An Objectivist shows how to anchor yours in facts.
4.22
74
Objective Communication Summary
Objective Communication 91%
Most communication floats free of reality. An Objectivist shows how to anchor yours in facts.
by Leonard Peikoff 1980
4.22
74 ratings
Incompleteness
by Rebecca Goldstein • 2005
A genius turned a paradox into a proof that broke the promise of a complete mathematics.
3.99
2k+
Incompleteness Summary
Incompleteness 91%
A genius turned a paradox into a proof that broke the promise of a complete mathematics.
by Rebecca Goldstein 2005
3.99
2k+ ratings
Science and Sanity
by Alfred Korzybski • 1933
How to train your nervous system to stop mistaking words for the things they name.
4.40
386
Science and Sanity Summary
Science and Sanity 91%
How to train your nervous system to stop mistaking words for the things they name.
by Alfred Korzybski 1933
4.40
386 ratings
The Concept of Mind
by Gilbert Ryle • 1949
The mind-body split is a logical blunder. Mental life is performance, not private theatre.
3.92
2k+
The Concept of Mind Summary
The Concept of Mind 91%
The mind-body split is a logical blunder. Mental life is performance, not private theatre.
by Gilbert Ryle 1949
3.92
2k+ ratings
Dialogism
by Michael Holquist • 1990
All speech answers prior speech, all selves depend on others: the dialogic philosophy of Bakhtin.
4.09
88
Dialogism Summary
Dialogism 91%
All speech answers prior speech, all selves depend on others: the dialogic philosophy of Bakhtin.
by Michael Holquist 1990
4.09
88 ratings
Introduction to Metaphysics
by Martin Heidegger • 1929
Before any science, one question: what does it mean to exist? Philosophy forgot, and reality shrank.
4.03
4k+
Introduction to Metaphysics Summary
Introduction to Metaphysics 91%
Before any science, one question: what does it mean to exist? Philosophy forgot, and reality shrank.
by Martin Heidegger 1929
4.03
4k+ ratings
On Bullshit
by Harry G. Frankfurt • 2005
The liar hides the truth. The bullshitter doesn't care what it is. A 67-page philosophical grenade.
3.58
16k+
On Bullshit Summary
On Bullshit 91%
The liar hides the truth. The bullshitter doesn't care what it is. A 67-page philosophical grenade.
by Harry G. Frankfurt 2005
3.58
16k+ ratings
Plato and a Platypus Walk Into a Bar
by Thomas Cathcart • 2007
Jokes and philosophy work the same way: both ambush your assumptions. Here's how.
3.76
18k+
Plato and a Platypus Walk Into a Bar Summary
Plato and a Platypus Walk Into a Bar 90%
Jokes and philosophy work the same way: both ambush your assumptions. Here's how.
by Thomas Cathcart 2007
3.76
18k+ ratings
A Little History of Philosophy
by Nigel Warburton • 2011
Forty thinkers, from Socrates to Singer, and the answers they gave to life's hardest questions.
4.12
16k+
A Little History of Philosophy Summary
A Little History of Philosophy 90%
Forty thinkers, from Socrates to Singer, and the answers they gave to life's hardest questions.
by Nigel Warburton 2011
4.12
16k+ ratings
Why Does the World Exist?
by Jim Holt • 2011
Physics, philosophy, and theology each claim to know why anything exists. None of them agree.
3.81
7k+
Why Does the World Exist? Summary
Why Does the World Exist? 90%
Physics, philosophy, and theology each claim to know why anything exists. None of them agree.
by Jim Holt 2011
3.81
7k+ ratings
Heidegger
by Michael Watts • 2014
Heidegger demystified: the freedom found in facing death, and the worldview technology imposes.
4.40
143
Heidegger Summary
Heidegger 90%
Heidegger demystified: the freedom found in facing death, and the worldview technology imposes.
by Michael Watts 2014
4.40
143 ratings
Critical Thinking
by Tracy Bowell • 2001
Map an argument's structure, test its logic, and know when rhetoric is doing the work.
3.82
249
Critical Thinking Summary
Critical Thinking 90%
Map an argument's structure, test its logic, and know when rhetoric is doing the work.
by Tracy Bowell 2001
3.82
249 ratings
The Logic of Scientific Discovery
by Karl Popper • 1934
You cannot prove a theory true, only false. The asymmetry that separates science from dogma.
4.03
5k+
The Logic of Scientific Discovery Summary
The Logic of Scientific Discovery 90%
You cannot prove a theory true, only false. The asymmetry that separates science from dogma.
by Karl Popper 1934
4.03
5k+ ratings
Truth and Method
by Hans-Georg Gadamer • 1960
Understanding is an event language and tradition perform through you, not a method you apply.
4.17
4k+
Truth and Method Summary
Truth and Method 90%
Understanding is an event language and tradition perform through you, not a method you apply.
by Hans-Georg Gadamer 1960
4.17
4k+ ratings
Fearless
by Max Lucado • 2009
Ten philosophers, ten arguments that still govern how we think about truth, justice, and ourselves.
4.16
13k+
Fearless Summary
Fearless 90%
Ten philosophers, ten arguments that still govern how we think about truth, justice, and ourselves.
by Max Lucado 2009
4.16
13k+ ratings
Principles of Human Knowledge / Three Dialogues Between Hylas and Philonous
by George Berkeley • 1988
Tables vanish when you look away, but God keeps watching. A bishop's case against matter.
3.83
1k+
Principles of Human Knowledge / Three Dialogues Between Hylas and Philonous Summary
Principles of Human Knowledge / Three Dialogues Between Hylas and Philonous 90%
Tables vanish when you look away, but God keeps watching. A bishop's case against matter.
by George Berkeley 1988
3.83
1k+ ratings
How to Think like a Philosopher
by Julian Baggini • 2023
The mental habits philosophy teaches: question yourself, follow evidence, drop the ego.
3.95
429
How to Think like a Philosopher Summary
How to Think like a Philosopher 90%
The mental habits philosophy teaches: question yourself, follow evidence, drop the ego.
by Julian Baggini 2023
3.95
429 ratings
The Philosophy of 'as If '
by Hans Vaihinger • 1911
Thought runs on conscious falsehoods: the harder the contradiction, the sharper the tool.
4.00
72
The Philosophy of 'as If ' Summary
The Philosophy of 'as If ' 90%
Thought runs on conscious falsehoods: the harder the contradiction, the sharper the tool.
by Hans Vaihinger 1911
4.00
72 ratings
The Art of Nonfiction
by Ayn Rand • 2001
Skip the mystique: nonfiction writing is a system, and the outline is its non-negotiable start.
3.98
537
The Art of Nonfiction Summary
The Art of Nonfiction 90%
Skip the mystique: nonfiction writing is a system, and the outline is its non-negotiable start.
by Ayn Rand 2001
3.98
537 ratings
Being And Event
by Alain Badiou • 1988
Set theory is the science of being itself, and the One is nowhere in it.
4.01
1k+
Being And Event Summary
Being And Event 90%
Set theory is the science of being itself, and the One is nowhere in it.
by Alain Badiou 1988
4.01
1k+ ratings
On Dialogue
by David Bohm • 1996
Dialogue is less about talking than about seeing the hidden thought system that runs you.
4.08
1k+
On Dialogue Summary
On Dialogue 90%
Dialogue is less about talking than about seeing the hidden thought system that runs you.
by David Bohm 1996
4.08
1k+ ratings
Jag är Zlatan
by Zlatan Ibrahimović • 2011
How the West thought: ten ideas from Plato to Rawls that still shape everything we believe.
3.86
19k+
Jag är Zlatan Summary
Jag är Zlatan 90%
How the West thought: ten ideas from Plato to Rawls that still shape everything we believe.
by Zlatan Ibrahimović 2011
3.86
19k+ ratings
Aristotle
by John Sellars • 2023
An ancient toolkit for thought: why Aristotle's logic, ethics, and politics never went out of style.
3.95
232
Aristotle Summary
Aristotle 90%
An ancient toolkit for thought: why Aristotle's logic, ethics, and politics never went out of style.
by John Sellars 2023
3.95
232 ratings
Philosophy of Existence
by Karl Jaspers • 1938
Objects aren't real. The real is a horizon you inhabit, never grasp, and awaken to.
3.79
323
Philosophy of Existence Summary
Philosophy of Existence 90%
Objects aren't real. The real is a horizon you inhabit, never grasp, and awaken to.
by Karl Jaspers 1938
3.79
323 ratings
Surfaces and Essences
by Douglas R. Hofstadter • 2011
Analogy isn't a language trick. It's the hidden engine of every thought, category, and insight.
3.83
1k+
Surfaces and Essences Summary
Surfaces and Essences 90%
Analogy isn't a language trick. It's the hidden engine of every thought, category, and insight.
by Douglas R. Hofstadter 2011
3.83
1k+ ratings
Buddhism
by Damien Keown • 1996
Buddhism has no god, no bible, no pope. What holds its many traditions together?
3.74
3k+
Buddhism Summary
Buddhism 90%
Buddhism has no god, no bible, no pope. What holds its many traditions together?
by Damien Keown 1996
3.74
3k+ ratings
The Order of Things
by Michel Foucault • 1966
Thought is governed by hidden rules that have collapsed twice. 'Man' was their latest product.
4.12
10k+
The Order of Things Summary
The Order of Things 90%
Thought is governed by hidden rules that have collapsed twice. 'Man' was their latest product.
by Michel Foucault 1966
4.12
10k+ ratings
The Construction of Social Reality
by John Rogers Searle • 1995
Money and marriage aren't physical facts. They run on a hidden logic of collective agreement.
3.89
969
The Construction of Social Reality Summary
The Construction of Social Reality 90%
Money and marriage aren't physical facts. They run on a hidden logic of collective agreement.
by John Rogers Searle 1995
3.89
969 ratings
The Philosophy Book for Beginners
by Sharon Kaye • 2021
Philosophy is a conversation 2,500 years old and still unfinished. Here's your seat at the table.
4.17
138
The Philosophy Book for Beginners Summary
The Philosophy Book for Beginners 90%
Philosophy is a conversation 2,500 years old and still unfinished. Here's your seat at the table.
by Sharon Kaye 2021
4.17
138 ratings
Just So
by Alan W. Watts • 2020
Real wealth is felt, not figured. The self that tallies is a phantom.
4.27
399
Just So Summary
Just So 90%
Real wealth is felt, not figured. The self that tallies is a phantom.
by Alan W. Watts 2020
4.27
399 ratings
Ancient Philosophy
by Anthony Kenny • 2004
The questions the ancient Greeks asked still define philosophy, and still resist easy answers.
3.95
580
Ancient Philosophy Summary
Ancient Philosophy 90%
The questions the ancient Greeks asked still define philosophy, and still resist easy answers.
by Anthony Kenny 2004
3.95
580 ratings
Freedom and Neurobiology
by John Rogers Searle • 2005
Free will is a biological fact, and political power rests on what we collectively agree to accept.
3.56
246
Freedom and Neurobiology Summary
Freedom and Neurobiology 90%
Free will is a biological fact, and political power rests on what we collectively agree to accept.
by John Rogers Searle 2005
3.56
246 ratings
Rationality in Action
by John Rogers Searle • 2003
Between reason and action is a gap no cause can close. Free will lives there.
3.67
64
Rationality in Action Summary
Rationality in Action 90%
Between reason and action is a gap no cause can close. Free will lives there.
by John Rogers Searle 2003
3.67
64 ratings
The Common Sense of Science
by Jacob Bronowski • 1951
The Scientific Revolution was cultural. Science is personal, never the cold machine you fear.
3.83
141
The Common Sense of Science Summary
The Common Sense of Science 90%
The Scientific Revolution was cultural. Science is personal, never the cold machine you fear.
by Jacob Bronowski 1951
3.83
141 ratings
Is Maths Real? How Simple Questions Lead Us to Mathematics’ Deepest Truths
by Eugenia Cheng • 2023
Math is not about right answers but about asking why. A manifesto for the curious.
3.52
731
Is Maths Real? How Simple Questions Lead Us to Mathematics’ Deepest Truths Summary
Is Maths Real? How Simple Questions Lead Us to Mathematics’ Deepest Truths 89%
Math is not about right answers but about asking why. A manifesto for the curious.
by Eugenia Cheng 2023
3.52
731 ratings
The Existentialist's Guide to Death, the Universe and Nothingness
by Gary Cox • 2011
You are free in a way you never asked for. This is what that actually costs.
4.12
121
The Existentialist's Guide to Death, the Universe and Nothingness Summary
The Existentialist's Guide to Death, the Universe and Nothingness 89%
You are free in a way you never asked for. This is what that actually costs.
by Gary Cox 2011
4.12
121 ratings
Computing machinery and intelligence
by Alan M. Turing • 1950
Fool the interrogator through conversation alone, and the machine deserves to be called intelligent.
4.15
574
Computing machinery and intelligence Summary
Computing machinery and intelligence 89%
Fool the interrogator through conversation alone, and the machine deserves to be called intelligent.
by Alan M. Turing 1950
4.15
574 ratings
The Tao of Physics
by Fritjof Capra • 1975
When physics reached the subatomic level, it found a universe that Eastern mystics knew long ago.
3.97
20k+
The Tao of Physics Summary
The Tao of Physics 89%
When physics reached the subatomic level, it found a universe that Eastern mystics knew long ago.
by Fritjof Capra 1975
3.97
20k+ ratings
The Conscious Mind
by David J. Chalmers • 1996
A zombie physically identical to you feels nothing at all: why consciousness needs its own laws.
4.00
3k+
The Conscious Mind Summary
The Conscious Mind 89%
A zombie physically identical to you feels nothing at all: why consciousness needs its own laws.
by David J. Chalmers 1996
4.00
3k+ ratings
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