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SoBrief
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How We Became Human
by Tim Dean • 2021
Your sense of right and wrong evolved for the Stone Age. It's time for an upgrade.
3.90
114
How We Became Human Summary
How We Became Human 96%
Your sense of right and wrong evolved for the Stone Age. It's time for an upgrade.
by Tim Dean 2021
3.90
114 ratings
Answers for Aristotle
by Massimo Pigliucci • 2012
Science gives facts, philosophy gives values. Bridge them, and the good life stops being guesswork.
3.76
352
Answers for Aristotle Summary
Answers for Aristotle 96%
Science gives facts, philosophy gives values. Bridge them, and the good life stops being guesswork.
by Massimo Pigliucci 2012
3.76
352 ratings
Intuition Pumps and Other Tools for Thinking
by Daniel C. Dennett • 2013
A philosopher's toolbox: learn to think sharper about consciousness, evolution, and free will.
3.78
4k+
Intuition Pumps and Other Tools for Thinking Summary
Intuition Pumps and Other Tools for Thinking 96%
A philosopher's toolbox: learn to think sharper about consciousness, evolution, and free will.
by Daniel C. Dennett 2013
3.78
4k+ ratings
A Natural History of Human Emotions
by Stuart Walton • 2005
Six universal feelings evolved to keep us alive. Culture twisted each one.
3.61
23
A Natural History of Human Emotions Summary
A Natural History of Human Emotions 96%
Six universal feelings evolved to keep us alive. Culture twisted each one.
by Stuart Walton 2005
3.61
23 ratings
The Righteous Mind
by Jonathan Haidt • 2012
Reason didn't evolve to find truth. It evolved to defend whatever your group already believes.
4.19
67k+
The Righteous Mind Summary
The Righteous Mind 95%
Reason didn't evolve to find truth. It evolved to defend whatever your group already believes.
by Jonathan Haidt 2012
4.19
67k+ ratings
Moral Minds
by Marc Hauser • 2006
Morality runs on innate grammar, like language, shared across cultures, revealed in the brain.
3.74
1k+
Moral Minds Summary
Moral Minds 95%
Morality runs on innate grammar, like language, shared across cultures, revealed in the brain.
by Marc Hauser 2006
3.74
1k+ ratings
The Expanding Circle
by Peter Singer • 1981
Morality started with vampire bats, not God. Reason is taking it further than evolution ever could.
4.02
626
The Expanding Circle Summary
The Expanding Circle 95%
Morality started with vampire bats, not God. Reason is taking it further than evolution ever could.
by Peter Singer 1981
4.02
626 ratings
The Science of Good and Evil
by Michael Shermer • 2004
Good and evil are evolutionary strategies, and science can decipher them.
3.91
3k+
The Science of Good and Evil Summary
The Science of Good and Evil 95%
Good and evil are evolutionary strategies, and science can decipher them.
by Michael Shermer 2004
3.91
3k+ ratings
Freedom Evolves
by Daniel C. Dennett • 2003
Evolution didn't just build bodies. It built choice itself, and determinism was never the enemy.
3.82
3k+
Freedom Evolves Summary
Freedom Evolves 95%
Evolution didn't just build bodies. It built choice itself, and determinism was never the enemy.
by Daniel C. Dennett 2003
3.82
3k+ ratings
Minds Make Societies
by Pascal Boyer • 2018
Nations clash, gods multiply, and families splinter for reasons your conscious mind never sees.
3.90
397
Minds Make Societies Summary
Minds Make Societies 95%
Nations clash, gods multiply, and families splinter for reasons your conscious mind never sees.
by Pascal Boyer 2018
3.90
397 ratings
Consilience
by Edward O. Wilson • 1998
The biologist who thinks evolution can reunite sciences with the humanities, from neurons to art.
3.98
5k+
Consilience Summary
Consilience 95%
The biologist who thinks evolution can reunite sciences with the humanities, from neurons to art.
by Edward O. Wilson 1998
3.98
5k+ ratings
Behind the Mirror
by Konrad Lorenz • 1973
Space, time, causality: not mental inventions but biological adaptations to a real world.
4.01
163
Behind the Mirror Summary
Behind the Mirror 95%
Space, time, causality: not mental inventions but biological adaptations to a real world.
by Konrad Lorenz 1973
4.01
163 ratings
The Meme Machine
by Susan Blackmore • 1999
Our brains did not make culture. Culture, evolving like a virus, made our brains.
3.86
4k+
The Meme Machine Summary
The Meme Machine 95%
Our brains did not make culture. Culture, evolving like a virus, made our brains.
by Susan Blackmore 1999
3.86
4k+ ratings
The Social Conquest of Earth
by Edward O. Wilson • 2012
Human virtue and human genocide come from the same evolutionary force, and it's not kin selection.
4.02
4k+
The Social Conquest of Earth Summary
The Social Conquest of Earth 95%
Human virtue and human genocide come from the same evolutionary force, and it's not kin selection.
by Edward O. Wilson 2012
4.02
4k+ ratings
FREEDOM
by Jeremy Griffith • 2016
Moral instinct and conscious mind are at war. Understanding why ends the war.
4.10
607
FREEDOM Summary
FREEDOM 95%
Moral instinct and conscious mind are at war. Understanding why ends the war.
by Jeremy Griffith 2016
4.10
607 ratings
The Language Instinct
by Steven Pinker • 1994
Children don't learn language; they reinvent it, driven by grammar etched into the brain.
4.01
23k+
The Language Instinct Summary
The Language Instinct 95%
Children don't learn language; they reinvent it, driven by grammar etched into the brain.
by Steven Pinker 1994
4.01
23k+ ratings
Conscience
by Patricia S. Churchland • 2019
Our conscience grew out of the brain's drive to care, not from God or reason.
3.78
442
Conscience Summary
Conscience 94%
Our conscience grew out of the brain's drive to care, not from God or reason.
by Patricia S. Churchland 2019
3.78
442 ratings
The Brain and the Meaning of Life
by Paul Thagard • 2010
Mental life is brain activity, and meaning is its reward for satisfying three deep human needs.
3.23
128
The Brain and the Meaning of Life Summary
The Brain and the Meaning of Life 94%
Mental life is brain activity, and meaning is its reward for satisfying three deep human needs.
by Paul Thagard 2010
3.23
128 ratings
Descartes' Baby
by Paul Bloom • 2004
We are born seeing souls and bodies as separate. That illusion shapes art, disgust, and morality.
3.89
308
Descartes' Baby Summary
Descartes' Baby 94%
We are born seeing souls and bodies as separate. That illusion shapes art, disgust, and morality.
by Paul Bloom 2004
3.89
308 ratings
On Human Nature
by Edward O. Wilson • 1978
Evolution is our best mythology. The argument for anchoring ethics, art, and religion in biology.
4.14
4k+
On Human Nature Summary
On Human Nature 94%
Evolution is our best mythology. The argument for anchoring ethics, art, and religion in biology.
by Edward O. Wilson 1978
4.14
4k+ ratings
Moral Tribes
by Joshua D. Greene • 2013
Your moral brain has a tribal mode and a modern mode. The tribal one keeps winning.
4.02
3k+
Moral Tribes Summary
Moral Tribes 94%
Your moral brain has a tribal mode and a modern mode. The tribal one keeps winning.
by Joshua D. Greene 2013
4.02
3k+ ratings
This View of Life
by David Sloan Wilson • 2019
Social Darwinism got Darwin wrong. His real theory: cooperation, not competition, built humanity.
3.96
372
This View of Life Summary
This View of Life 94%
Social Darwinism got Darwin wrong. His real theory: cooperation, not competition, built humanity.
by David Sloan Wilson 2019
3.96
372 ratings
Brain-Wise
by Patricia S. Churchland • 2002
Everything we call mind is brain activity. Once philosophy accepts that, all its questions change.
4.04
140
Brain-Wise Summary
Brain-Wise 94%
Everything we call mind is brain activity. Once philosophy accepts that, all its questions change.
by Patricia S. Churchland 2002
4.04
140 ratings
Nonzero
by Robert Wright
History bends toward cooperation, not because we're good, but because interdependence pays.
3.97
3k+
Nonzero Summary
Nonzero 94%
History bends toward cooperation, not because we're good, but because interdependence pays.
by Robert Wright
3.97
3k+ ratings
The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind
by Julian Jaynes • 1976
Before introspection, humans heard gods. A theory of history explaining our search for certainty.
4.26
6k+
The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind Summary
The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind 94%
Before introspection, humans heard gods. A theory of history explaining our search for certainty.
by Julian Jaynes 1976
4.26
6k+ ratings
What Do You Think You Are?
by Brian Clegg • 2020
Your atoms were forged in dying stars. The rest of you is harder to explain.
3.29
136
What Do You Think You Are? Summary
What Do You Think You Are? 94%
Your atoms were forged in dying stars. The rest of you is harder to explain.
by Brian Clegg 2020
3.29
136 ratings
How the Mind Changed
by Joseph Jebelli • 2022
The human brain didn't just get bigger. It learned to cook, gossip, and hallucinate a self.
4.06
348
How the Mind Changed Summary
How the Mind Changed 94%
The human brain didn't just get bigger. It learned to cook, gossip, and hallucinate a self.
by Joseph Jebelli 2022
4.06
348 ratings
The Social Leap
by William Von Hippel • 2018
We're savannah apes in skyscrapers: cooperative, self-deceiving, and never satisfied for long.
4.23
2k+
The Social Leap Summary
The Social Leap 94%
We're savannah apes in skyscrapers: cooperative, self-deceiving, and never satisfied for long.
by William Von Hippel 2018
4.23
2k+ ratings
The Master and His Emissary
by Iain McGilchrist • 2009
Your brain's two halves build opposing worlds. Western civilization chose the wrong one.
4.36
4k+
The Master and His Emissary Summary
The Master and His Emissary 94%
Your brain's two halves build opposing worlds. Western civilization chose the wrong one.
by Iain McGilchrist 2009
4.36
4k+ ratings
The Bonobo and the Atheist
by Frans de Waal • 2013
Chimps console, capuchins reject unfair pay; morality was ancient before religion claimed it.
4.15
6k+
The Bonobo and the Atheist Summary
The Bonobo and the Atheist 94%
Chimps console, capuchins reject unfair pay; morality was ancient before religion claimed it.
by Frans de Waal 2013
4.15
6k+ ratings
The Moral Landscape
by Sam Harris • 2010
Facts and values aren't separate. Well-being is the bridge, and the brain is the evidence.
3.90
24k+
The Moral Landscape Summary
The Moral Landscape 94%
Facts and values aren't separate. Well-being is the bridge, and the brain is the evidence.
by Sam Harris 2010
3.90
24k+ ratings
Age of Empathy
by Frans de Waal • 2009
Empathy isn't a human invention. It's an animal legacy, and a primatologist has the evidence.
4.00
3k+
Age of Empathy Summary
Age of Empathy 94%
Empathy isn't a human invention. It's an animal legacy, and a primatologist has the evidence.
by Frans de Waal 2009
4.00
3k+ ratings
The Ape that Understood the Universe
by Steve Stewart-Williams • 2018
You don't own your desires. They belong to your genes and the ideas colonizing your mind.
4.23
2k+
The Ape that Understood the Universe Summary
The Ape that Understood the Universe 94%
You don't own your desires. They belong to your genes and the ideas colonizing your mind.
by Steve Stewart-Williams 2018
4.23
2k+ ratings
Blueprint
by Nicholas A. Christakis • 2019
Goodness is our default setting. Evolution built us for love, friendship, and cooperation.
3.95
2k+
Blueprint Summary
Blueprint 94%
Goodness is our default setting. Evolution built us for love, friendship, and cooperation.
by Nicholas A. Christakis 2019
3.95
2k+ ratings
The True Creator of Everything
by Miguel Nicolelis • 2020
The human brain does not discover reality; it builds it, from physics to gods.
3.87
163
The True Creator of Everything Summary
The True Creator of Everything 94%
The human brain does not discover reality; it builds it, from physics to gods.
by Miguel Nicolelis 2020
3.87
163 ratings
Outgrowing God
by Richard Dawkins • 2019
Humans have invented thousands of gods. A scientist's case for why yours is one of them.
4.06
6k+
Outgrowing God Summary
Outgrowing God 94%
Humans have invented thousands of gods. A scientist's case for why yours is one of them.
by Richard Dawkins 2019
4.06
6k+ ratings
Just Babies
by Paul Bloom • 2013
Three-month-olds know right from wrong. The rest of morality is deciding who counts.
3.71
4k+
Just Babies Summary
Just Babies 94%
Three-month-olds know right from wrong. The rest of morality is deciding who counts.
by Paul Bloom 2013
3.71
4k+ ratings
The Evolution of Everything
by Matt Ridley • 2015
The same undirected process that built the eye also built language, money, and the internet.
3.92
3k+
The Evolution of Everything Summary
The Evolution of Everything 94%
The same undirected process that built the eye also built language, money, and the internet.
by Matt Ridley 2015
3.92
3k+ ratings
The Moral Animal
by Robert Wright • 1994
Our noblest impulses and our ugliest desires share one source: millions of years of evolution.
4.08
12k+
The Moral Animal Summary
The Moral Animal 94%
Our noblest impulses and our ugliest desires share one source: millions of years of evolution.
by Robert Wright 1994
4.08
12k+ ratings
The Human Story
by Robin I.M. Dunbar • 2004
Gossip, laughter, gods: how the social brain made us human, and the number behind it.
3.87
334
The Human Story Summary
The Human Story 94%
Gossip, laughter, gods: how the social brain made us human, and the number behind it.
by Robin I.M. Dunbar 2004
3.87
334 ratings
How Pleasure Works
by Paul Bloom • 2010
You don't enjoy what you sense; you enjoy what you believe. The underlying nature of pleasure.
3.71
4k+
How Pleasure Works Summary
How Pleasure Works 94%
You don't enjoy what you sense; you enjoy what you believe. The underlying nature of pleasure.
by Paul Bloom 2010
3.71
4k+ ratings
The Matter With Things
by Iain McGilchrist • 2021
Your left hemisphere built the modern world. It is also why everything is falling apart.
4.76
567
The Matter With Things Summary
The Matter With Things 94%
Your left hemisphere built the modern world. It is also why everything is falling apart.
by Iain McGilchrist 2021
4.76
567 ratings
Our Kind
by Marvin Harris • 1989
Built for a lost world: why we crave, worship, and wage war, from an anthropologist.
4.17
672
Our Kind Summary
Our Kind 93%
Built for a lost world: why we crave, worship, and wage war, from an anthropologist.
by Marvin Harris 1989
4.17
672 ratings
Virus of the Mind
by Richard Brodie • 1995
Your beliefs spread the way colds do. They evolved to be catchy, not true.
3.69
2k+
Virus of the Mind Summary
Virus of the Mind 93%
Your beliefs spread the way colds do. They evolved to be catchy, not true.
by Richard Brodie 1995
3.69
2k+ ratings
How Many Friends Does One Person Need?
by Robin I.M. Dunbar • 2010
Your brain can manage about 150 relationships. Gossip, art, and religion are the overflow.
3.50
646
How Many Friends Does One Person Need? Summary
How Many Friends Does One Person Need? 93%
Your brain can manage about 150 relationships. Gossip, art, and religion are the overflow.
by Robin I.M. Dunbar 2010
3.50
646 ratings
The Frontiers of Knowledge
by A.C. Grayling • 2021
Physics, history, brain science: three frontiers where every answer opens a bigger question.
3.99
344
The Frontiers of Knowledge Summary
The Frontiers of Knowledge 93%
Physics, history, brain science: three frontiers where every answer opens a bigger question.
by A.C. Grayling 2021
3.99
344 ratings
Outraged
by Kurt Gray • 2025
Liberals and conservatives don't have different moralities; they just see different victims.
4.11
472
Outraged Summary
Outraged 93%
Liberals and conservatives don't have different moralities; they just see different victims.
by Kurt Gray 2025
4.11
472 ratings
The Science of Sin
by Jack Lewis • 2018
Lust, greed, and wrath are not moral failures. They're brain states, and that changes everything.
3.60
230
The Science of Sin Summary
The Science of Sin 93%
Lust, greed, and wrath are not moral failures. They're brain states, and that changes everything.
by Jack Lewis 2018
3.60
230 ratings
Darwin's Dangerous Idea
by Daniel C. Dennett • 1995
Design doesn't need a designer: a blind, algorithmic process built life, mind, and morality.
4.07
17k+
Darwin's Dangerous Idea Summary
Darwin's Dangerous Idea 93%
Design doesn't need a designer: a blind, algorithmic process built life, mind, and morality.
by Daniel C. Dennett 1995
4.07
17k+ ratings
The Marriage of Sense and Soul
by Ken Wilber • 1998
The war between science and religion is a category error. Fix the method, conflict dissolves.
4.11
522
The Marriage of Sense and Soul Summary
The Marriage of Sense and Soul 93%
The war between science and religion is a category error. Fix the method, conflict dissolves.
by Ken Wilber 1998
4.11
522 ratings
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