Key Takeaways
1. Urgency is the essential first step for successful change in a turbulent world.
At the very beginning of any effort to make changes of any magnitude, if a sense of urgency is not high enough and complacency is not low enough, everything else becomes so much more difficult.
Change is accelerating. We live in an era of unprecedented turbulence driven by technology, globalization, and political shifts. This requires organizations to adapt constantly, but most change initiatives fail, often because the critical first step is mishandled.
The 70% failure rate. My research shows that over 70% of needed change efforts either fail to launch, fail to complete, or finish late and over budget. This massive drag on performance stems significantly from not creating a sufficiently high sense of urgency among enough people.
Foundation for success. Urgency isn't just one step; it's the foundation upon which all other successful change actions are built. Without it, efforts to form guiding teams, create visions, communicate, empower, generate wins, and anchor change in culture become exponentially harder and often collapse.
2. Complacency and False Urgency are pervasive, insidious, and dangerous opposites of True Urgency.
This is a false sense of urgency that may be even more destructive than complacency because it drains needed energy in activity and not productivity.
Complacency is invisible. Complacency is a feeling of contentment with the status quo, often born from past success, making people oblivious to external threats or opportunities. It's insidious because insiders rarely see it in themselves, justifying their inaction as rational or prudent.
False urgency is frantic. Unlike sleepy complacency, false urgency is high-energy activity driven by anxiety, anger, or frustration, not a focused determination to win. People run from meeting to meeting, produce endless reports, and engage in busywork that is more distracting and exhausting than productive.
Mistaking activity for urgency. A major problem today is confusing this frantic, unfocused activity with true urgency. This misdiagnosis leads people to believe they are addressing problems when they are merely spinning in circles, often making things worse by draining energy and fostering cynicism.
3. True Urgency is a focused, determined drive to win now, not frantic activity.
True urgency focuses on critical issues, not agendas overstuffed with the important and the trivial.
Action on critical issues. True urgency means action on critical issues is needed now, making real progress every single day. It's driven by a deep determination to move and win, not anxiety or anger.
Alert and proactive. People with true urgency are alert, constantly scanning the environment for relevant information. They focus on challenges central to success or survival, relentlessly looking for ways to rid themselves of low-value activities to free up time for what matters.
Positive and focused force. This isn't about stress or burnout; it's a highly positive, focused force. It directs energy towards important issues, encourages cooperation, and motivates people to launch smart initiatives at the speed needed to win.
4. Creating True Urgency requires a strategy that aims at the heart, not just the mind.
More than thoughts in the mind, it is feelings in the heart that create the unchanging behavior of complacency, the unproductive flurry of behavior that is a false urgency, or the powerfully useful actions of true urgency.
Facts aren't enough. Traditional business cases, filled with data and logic, often fail to create urgency because they only appeal to the mind. While intellectual buy-in is necessary, it's insufficient to overcome the emotional inertia of complacency or redirect the emotional energy of false urgency.
Feelings drive behavior. Complacency, false urgency, and true urgency are fundamentally driven by feelings – contentment, anxiety/anger, or determination to win. To change behavior, you must influence these underlying emotions.
Heart comes first. A winning strategy combines rational goals with methods that help people experience new possibilities as exciting, meaningful, and uplifting. This means using thoughtfully created human experiences that engage all senses, are delivered with passion and credibility, and are rarely just explained.
5. Bring the Outside In: Dramatically connect internal reality to external opportunities and hazards.
Because of the natural tendency toward internal focus and the complacency that follows, one powerful way to increase urgency is by reducing the gap between what is happening on the outside and what people see and feel on the inside.
Organizations look inward. Success often breeds size and complexity, causing organizations to become inwardly focused and miss external realities. This disconnect between internal perceptions and outside opportunities or hazards kills urgency.
Reduce the gap. Dramatically bringing the outside world in helps people see and feel what's happening externally. This can be done through various methods:
- Listening carefully to customer-facing employees.
- Using emotionally compelling video of customers or external events.
- Widely sharing troubling external data instead of shielding people.
- Redecorating spaces with external visuals (customers, competitors, data).
- Sending people out to experience the external world firsthand.
- Bringing outsiders (customers, analysts, suppliers) in to share their perspectives.
Emotional impact matters. These tactics work best when they create emotionally compelling experiences, not just deliver abstract data. They help people feel the urgency by connecting them directly to the external forces shaping their reality.
6. Behave with Urgency Every Day: Model the desired behavior visibly and relentlessly.
His attitudes, feelings, and actions are contagious.
Actions speak louder. Your own behavior is a powerful tool for creating urgency in others. Constantly demonstrating your personal sense of urgency through your actions, not just your words, is crucial.
Model the behavior. Be visibly urgent in meetings, one-on-one interactions, and communications. Respond quickly to critical issues, end meetings with clear next steps and deadlines, and relentlessly talk about the need to move and win.
Clear the decks. An overcrowded schedule undermines your ability to act with urgency and sends mixed signals. Ruthlessly purge low-priority items, cancel distracting projects, and delegate effectively to free up time for what truly matters.
7. Find Opportunity in Crises: Use disruptions to break complacency, but proceed with caution.
A crisis can be your friend.
Crises break complacency. While most see crises as purely negative, they can be powerful opportunities to destroy cement-like complacency. A "burning platform" forces people to abandon the status quo and consider new actions.
Seek potential opportunity. Don't just react to crises; actively look for the potential opportunity within them. This requires proactive planning to channel the inevitable fear and anger into a determination to act fast and win, not into blame or paralysis.
Proceed with caution. Using crises is risky. Avoid assuming a crisis automatically creates needed urgency; it can easily lead to false urgency or disaster. Don't manipulate situations in ways that create backlash, passively wait for a crisis that may never come, or underestimate the potential for total collapse.
8. Deal with NoNos: Neutralize relentless urgency-killers who aren't just skeptics.
NoNos are highly skilled urgency killers.
More than skeptics. NoNos are fundamentally different from thoughtful skeptics; they are determined to kill urgency and derail change, often unconsciously driven by insecurity or anger. They are masters at finding flaws, demanding endless data, and creating mischief.
Ineffective approaches. Trying to co-opt NoNos by including them in change efforts rarely works; they disrupt and delay from within. Ignoring them is also ineffective; they will relentlessly undermine efforts from the outside, spreading doubt and negativity.
Effective strategies. Three methods work:
- Distract: Give them time-consuming, important assignments far from where urgency is needed.
- Remove: Push them out of the organization through firing, forced retirement, or reorganization if they won't change.
- Immobilize: Expose their behavior publicly (often lightheartedly, like the penguin story) to let social pressure neutralize their actions.
9. Sustain Urgency: Actively re-create urgency, especially after success, to avoid complacency.
Urgency does not, and cannot, remain high without conscious effort unless it is very firmly ingrained in an organization’s culture, something that today is exceptionally rare.
Success breeds complacency. The natural pattern is urgency leads to success leads to complacency. After working hard and achieving a win, people tend to relax, declare victory, and lose their sense of urgency, even if the external environment still demands speed and adaptation.
Re-creation is key. Sustaining high performance requires urgency to be constantly re-created. This means actively fighting the natural drift towards stability and contentment, especially after visible successes.
Embed in culture. Ultimately, the goal is to drive urgency into the culture itself, making it the natural state of affairs. Until then, leaders must relentlessly use the tactics – bringing the outside in, modeling urgent behavior, leveraging opportunities, and dealing with NoNos – to keep urgency high.
Last updated:
FAQ
1. What is "A Sense of Urgency" by John P. Kotter about?
- Focus on urgency in change: The book explores the critical role of creating and sustaining a true sense of urgency in organizations, especially during times of rapid change.
- Distinguishing urgency types: Kotter distinguishes between true urgency, false urgency, and complacency, explaining how each affects organizational performance.
- Practical strategies and tactics: The book provides actionable strategies and four main tactics to help leaders and employees foster real urgency.
- Real-world examples: Kotter uses stories from various organizations to illustrate both the pitfalls of low urgency and the successes that come from getting it right.
2. Why should I read "A Sense of Urgency" by John P. Kotter?
- Essential for change leaders: The book addresses the most common reason change efforts fail—insufficient urgency—making it vital for anyone leading or experiencing change.
- Practical, actionable advice: Kotter offers clear, step-by-step tactics that can be applied at any organizational level.
- Relevant in today’s world: With change becoming continuous rather than episodic, understanding urgency is more important than ever.
- Insights from a top expert: Kotter is a renowned authority on leadership and change, and his research-backed insights are widely respected.
3. What are the key takeaways from "A Sense of Urgency" by John P. Kotter?
- True urgency is rare: Most organizations confuse activity with urgency, but real urgency is focused, proactive, and positive.
- Complacency and false urgency are dangerous: Both can undermine change efforts, but false urgency is often mistaken for the real thing.
- Urgency must be created and sustained: It doesn’t happen naturally and requires ongoing leadership attention, especially after early successes.
- Four tactics to build urgency: Bringing the outside in, behaving with urgency every day, finding opportunity in crises, and dealing with "NoNos" (relentless urgency-killers).
4. How does John P. Kotter define "true urgency" in "A Sense of Urgency"?
- Focused on critical issues: True urgency means acting now on the most important opportunities and hazards, not just being busy.
- Driven by determination, not fear: It’s powered by a deep desire to win, not by anxiety or anger.
- Proactive and externally oriented: People with true urgency constantly scan the environment for relevant information and act on it.
- Sustainable and positive: True urgency doesn’t lead to burnout; it motivates people to eliminate low-value activities and focus on what matters.
5. What is the difference between complacency, false urgency, and true urgency in "A Sense of Urgency"?
- Complacency: Characterized by contentment with the status quo, lack of alertness, and inward focus, often stemming from past success.
- False urgency: Marked by frenetic activity, anxiety, and anger, leading to lots of action but little productive progress.
- True urgency: Involves alert, focused, and determined action on critical issues, driven by opportunity and a desire to win now.
- Impact on organizations: Both complacency and false urgency undermine change, while true urgency propels organizations forward.
6. What are the main consequences of lacking true urgency, according to "A Sense of Urgency"?
- High failure rate in change: Over 70% of major change efforts fail or underperform, often due to insufficient urgency.
- Missed opportunities and hazards: Organizations become slow to respond to external changes, risking decline or disaster.
- Wasted energy and resources: False urgency leads to exhaustion and stress without meaningful progress.
- Organizational stagnation: Without urgency, complacency sets in, making future change even harder.
7. What are the four main tactics for increasing true urgency in "A Sense of Urgency" by John P. Kotter?
- Bring the outside in: Reconnect people with external realities through data, customer input, and direct exposure to outside perspectives.
- Behave with urgency every day: Leaders must model urgent behavior consistently, matching words with visible action.
- Find opportunity in crises: Use real or created crises as catalysts to break complacency, but manage them carefully to avoid panic or backlash.
- Deal with the NoNos: Identify and neutralize individuals who consistently undermine urgency, using distraction, removal, or social pressure.
8. How does "A Sense of Urgency" by John P. Kotter recommend distinguishing between true and false urgency?
- Examine the emotional drivers: True urgency is driven by determination and opportunity, while false urgency is fueled by anxiety and anger.
- Observe behavior: True urgency focuses on critical issues and productive action; false urgency is characterized by frantic, unfocused activity.
- Look for sustainability: True urgency can be maintained over time without burnout; false urgency leads to exhaustion and stress.
- Assess outcomes: True urgency leads to real progress on important goals, while false urgency often results in little meaningful change.
9. What practical methods does "A Sense of Urgency" suggest for bringing the outside in?
- Listen to frontline employees: Gather insights from those who interact directly with customers to understand external realities.
- Use video and storytelling: Share honest, emotionally compelling stories or videos from customers or stakeholders to make issues real.
- Share external data widely: Don’t shield people from troubling information; use it to galvanize action and reduce complacency.
- Invite outsiders in: Bring in customers, analysts, or new hires with fresh perspectives to challenge internal thinking.
10. How does "A Sense of Urgency" advise leaders to behave with urgency every day?
- Model urgent behavior: Leaders should consistently act with speed, focus, and determination on key issues.
- Clear the decks: Eliminate low-priority activities and delegate effectively to free up time for urgent matters.
- Be visible and consistent: Demonstrate urgency in meetings, communications, and daily interactions so others can see and emulate it.
- Practice "urgent patience": Balance the need for immediate action with a realistic understanding of long-term goals.
11. What are "NoNos" in "A Sense of Urgency," and how should organizations deal with them?
- Definition of NoNos: NoNos are individuals who relentlessly resist change and kill urgency, not just skeptics but active blockers.
- Ineffective strategies: Co-opting or ignoring NoNos rarely works; they often undermine efforts from within or on the sidelines.
- Effective tactics: Distract them with other assignments, remove them from key roles, or use social pressure to neutralize their influence.
- Importance of action: Failing to address NoNos can stall or derail change efforts, so leaders must act decisively.
12. How can organizations sustain a high sense of urgency over time, according to "A Sense of Urgency"?
- Anticipate post-success complacency: Recognize that urgency often drops after early wins and plan to counteract it.
- Reapply urgency tactics: Continuously bring in new external perspectives, communicate fresh challenges, and set new stretch goals.
- Drive urgency into culture: Embed urgent behaviors and values into the organization’s culture so they persist beyond individual leaders.
- Communicate relentlessly: Use ongoing, transparent communication to reinforce the need for urgency and keep people focused on future opportunities and hazards.
Bonus: What are some of the best quotes from "A Sense of Urgency" by John P. Kotter and what do they mean?
- "A true sense of urgency is rare, much rarer than most people seem to think. Yet it is invaluable in a world that will not stand still."
Meaning: Real urgency is uncommon but essential for thriving in a rapidly changing environment. - "The real solution to the complacency problem is a true sense of urgency."
Meaning: Only genuine urgency—not busyness or panic—can overcome organizational inertia. - "Behaving urgently does not mean constantly running around, screaming 'Faster-faster,' creating too much stress for others, and then becoming frustrated when no one else completes every goal tomorrow. That is false urgency."
Meaning: True urgency is focused and sustainable, not frantic or stressful. - "You have a success. Urgency starts to go down. Before you’re overwhelmed with complacency, you find a new way to bring urgency back up."
Meaning: Leaders must continually renew urgency, especially after achieving goals, to avoid slipping back into complacency.
Review Summary
A Sense of Urgency receives mixed reviews, with an average rating of 3.74 out of 5. Readers appreciate Kotter's insights on creating true urgency in organizations, distinguishing it from complacency and false urgency. Many find the tactics and examples helpful, though some criticize the repetitive nature and dated references. The book is praised for its clarity and practical advice, but some readers feel it could have been condensed into a shorter format. Overall, it's considered a valuable resource for leaders navigating organizational change.
Similar Books






Download PDF
Download EPUB
.epub
digital book format is ideal for reading ebooks on phones, tablets, and e-readers.