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Great American Hypocrites

Great American Hypocrites

Toppling the Big Myths of Republican Politics
by Glenn Greenwald 2008 304 pages
3.7
450 ratings
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Key Takeaways

1. GOP's Electoral Strategy: Personality Over Policy

The most important factor, by far, is that the Republican Party employs the same set of personality smears and mythical, psychological, and cultural images to win elections.

Decades of dominance. For three decades, American politics has seen Republicans win a majority of elections despite polls often showing public preference for Democratic policies. This anomaly is attributed to the Republican Party's consistent use of personality smears and fabricated cultural images, amplified by right-wing media and mindlessly adopted by the establishment press. This strategy prioritizes character mythology over substantive policy discussions.

Mythical imagery. Republicans are consistently portrayed as embodying admirable traits such as courage, conviction, strength, wholesome family morality, fiscal restraint, and identification with the "regular guy." Figures like Ronald Reagan, the "Everyman" rancher, and George W. Bush, the "swaggering cowboy," rode to victory on these cartoonish, personality-based marketing themes. Conversely, liberals and Democrats are relentlessly depicted as weak, effeminate, elitist, amoral, and antagonistic to "Real American" values.

Fabricated personas. The book argues that these GOP marketing packages are complete fabrications, bearing no relationship to reality. Leading right-wing figures who trumpet masculine values and traditional morality often exhibit the exact opposite in their actual lives, filled with weakness, hedonism, and unearned privilege. This deceitful caricature-building has been a consistent and successful tactic, overwhelming rational consideration of issues.

2. The John Wayne Archetype: Hypocrisy as a Political Tool

With the enormous gap between his self-righteous moralizing rhetoric and the way he actually lived his life, John Wayne proved himself to be one of the first right-wing Great American Hypocrites.

Pioneer of deceit. John Wayne, a celebrated symbol of supermasculine American patriotism, was a draft dodger during World War II, choosing to stay in Hollywood and get rich making war films while his peers fought. He then spent the rest of his life preening as an über-patriotic tough guy, cheering for wars and viciously castigating opponents as cowards. This established a pattern of feigned "warrior virtues" without personal sacrifice.

Moral contradictions. Wayne tirelessly crusaded for wholesome American morals and publicly condemned perceived deviations. Yet, his personal life was a "never-ending carousel of adultery, divorces, new wives, shattered families, pills, booze, and unrestrained hedonism." He was married three times, engaged in multiple affairs, and struggled with addiction, all while loudly proclaiming devotion to Christian values.

Modern parallels. Wayne's behavior—compensating for personal failings with political extremism and moralizing—is presented as the true precursor to today's Republican Party. Leaders like Rush Limbaugh, Newt Gingrich, George W. Bush, and Dick Cheney are depicted as embodying the "John Wayne syndrome," excelling at playacting virtues they lack, using political extremism to assuage feelings of weakness or guilt.

3. Media's Complicity: Amplifying Fabricated Narratives

Most infuriating is that GOP leaders who dress up in the costumes of the heroic icons are engaged in pure deceit.

Media's active role. The manipulative fictions created by the Republican Party could not succeed without the active help of the establishment media. Political coverage is often dominated by personality-based attacks cooked up by the right-wing "noise machine," drowning out substantive discussions and the truth of candidates' claims.

"Drudge-ification" of the press. Influential journalists like Mark Halperin and John Harris acknowledge that the entire political press has become "Drudge-ified," taking cues from right-wing gossip Matt Drudge. Drudge, once considered an unreliable fringe figure, is now seen as the "Walter Cronkite of our era," setting the agenda for political news with his "attack-based personality-obsessed politics."

Echo chamber effect. The media's obsession with trivial, personality-based stories, often originating from right-wing sources, creates a self-reinforcing loop. When Drudge promotes a petty smear, mainstream outlets dutifully report and "analyze" it, thereby transforming it into "news" and justifying further coverage, even if the story is fabricated or irrelevant to policy. This process disproportionately benefits conservatives.

4. "Tough Guy" Myth: War Cheerleading vs. Real Courage

This ludicrous equation has produced an entire generation of right-wing male leaders who excel at acting the role of tough-guy warrior without having an ounce of real strength or toughness.

Faux masculinity. A central tenet of the right-wing mythmaking machine is depicting male leaders as swaggering tough guys and brave warriors, embodying traditional American masculinity. Conversely, Democrats are demonized as weak, effeminate, and gender-confused. The reality, however, is often the opposite: most right-wing leaders are draft dodgers, combat avoiders, or career bureaucrats with no actual military experience.

"Chicken hawk" phenomenon. The term "chicken hawk" describes individuals who advocate for war from a safe distance, believing their advocacy is proof of personal courage, while opposing war is a sign of weakness. Figures like Bill Kristol and Norman Podhoretz are cited as prime examples, zealously urging others to fight in wars they themselves avoid, thereby deriving vicarious feelings of strength and power.

War as a video game. For many right-wing "tough guys," war is treated like a distant, abstract video game, offering sensations of excitement and toughness without real consequences. This mindset leads to an insatiable craving for military action, as starting and cheering for wars becomes the primary way they maintain their desired role as powerful, brave figures, often mocking actual combat veterans who express caution about war.

5. "Wholesome Family Man" Deceit: Moralizing While Indulging

In their actual lives, right-wing leaders personify the sexual sleaze and amoral hedonism against which they endlessly sermonize.

Moralistic facade. The Republican Party heavily relies on portraying its leaders as morally superior, wholesome family men, using slogans like "Family Values" and "Traditional Marriage." However, the book reveals that many politicians parading under these banners have lived lives in complete contradiction, using sexual moralism as a cynical campaign prop.

Chronic hypocrisy. Numerous figures who led the charge against Bill Clinton's sexual improprieties, such as Newt Gingrich and Bob Barr, were themselves engaged in chronic adultery, multiple divorces, and other morally "untraditional" behaviors. Gingrich, for instance, divorced his first wife while she was recovering from cancer surgery and later had an affair with an aide while leading Clinton's impeachment.

"Values Voters" scandals. Recent years have seen a stream of "Family Values" leaders exposed in scandals, including Senator Larry Craig (gay sex solicitation), Senator David Vitter (prostitute patronage), and televangelist Ted Haggard (crystal meth and male prostitutes). These incidents highlight the profound gap between their public moralizing and private conduct, revealing a selective application of "principles" for political gain.

6. "Small-Government" Farce: Expanding State Power and Surveillance

What Republicans claim to despise when they are out of power is exactly what they do when they are in power.

Reagan's legacy reversed. Republicans have long masqueraded as the party of limited government, echoing Ronald Reagan's sentiment that "government is the problem." This populist rhetoric positioned them as defenders of ordinary Americans against power-hungry Washington bureaucrats. However, upon gaining power, particularly under the Bush administration, they dramatically expanded federal authority.

Unprecedented power grabs. The Bush administration ushered in vast expansions of federal power, including unlimited detention and surveillance powers aimed at American citizens. Figures like John Ashcroft, who once warned against Clinton's "Big Brother" tactics, became architects of unprecedented warrantless spying. The right-wing movement, once wary of federal intrusion, transformed into loyal authoritarians, cheering on these power grabs.

Fiscal recklessness and social control. Beyond surveillance, Republicans have overseen massive increases in discretionary domestic spending, leading to record deficits, contrary to their fiscal conservative claims. They also actively seek to extend government control into private lives, pushing for laws against online gambling and "mainstream adult pornography," and even opposing "the legalization of sodomy," demonstrating a profound hostility to individual liberty.

7. The Psychological Roots of Right-Wing Deceit

Those who wallow in feelings of inadequate masculinity become quite destructive, incomparably dangerous.

Insecurity and compensation. The book posits that the principal sins of moralizing tough guys like John Wayne and his modern heirs are not just deceit and hypocrisy, but a destructive psychological dynamic. Individuals who feel weak or inadequate in their private lives often compensate by projecting an image of strength and demanding aggressive, often brutal, actions from their political leaders.

Authoritarian impulses. This dynamic is linked to garden-variety authoritarianism, where people crave strong male leaders to feel protected and powerful. The right-wing Republican Party, more than a set of political beliefs, has become a cult of contrived hypermasculinity, obsessed with "Victory" in endless wars and vesting "near dictatorial power" in a centralized Leader, all to make followers feel powerful and secure.

Vicarious power. This psychological need manifests in a perverse delight in displays of force and cruelty, such as Rush Limbaugh's "levity" regarding Abu Ghraib. For these individuals, war cheerleading and advocating for harsh policies provide a vicarious sense of strength and manliness that they cannot derive from their own coddled, risk-avoiding lives, often leading to a demand for endless, pointless devastation.

8. John McCain: The Maverick Who Fits the Mold

The GOP nominee for 2008—John McCain—is, in virtually every important respect, a completely typical Republican presidential candidate.

Maverick mythology. John McCain, despite his unique military service, is presented as a typical Republican candidate, relying on character mythology over substance. The media often portrays him as an independent, honorable, truth-telling maverick, a "different type of Republican" capable of healing partisan rifts, echoing the "compassionate conservative" narrative used for George W. Bush in 2000.

Media's adoration. The establishment press exhibits an "adoring, even intimidated" reverence for McCain, leading to uncritical coverage. Journalists, often admitting their "giddy" affection, frame his campaign as a high school popularity contest, where McCain is the "cool kid" or "star quarterback," while other candidates are "nerds." This fawning enables McCain to maintain a public image largely unscathed by critical scrutiny.

Warmongering consistency. Despite his war hero status, McCain is depicted as one of the most relentlessly war-advocating American politicians, aligning perfectly with the GOP's war-seeking faction. His vision of America as an "Empire waging Endless War," managing the world with military force and initiating new conflicts, mirrors the Bush/Cheney foreign policy. This militarism, while a liability in a rational world, is celebrated by the media as a sign of his "strength and seriousness."

9. The Destructive Cycle of Faux Virtues

The larger his failings were, the more he lacked those virtues in his life, the greater was his need to present himself in public as the symbol of those virtues.

Perpetual deceit. The book concludes that the Republican Party's reliance on fabricated virtues creates a destructive cycle. The more their leaders lack actual courage, morality, or commitment to limited government, the more loudly and flamboyantly they claim to embody these traits. This constant playacting, from "tough guy" warriors to "wholesome family men," is essential for winning elections and maintaining power.

Erosion of discourse. This pervasive deceit, amplified by a complicit media, degrades political discourse by prioritizing shallow personality attacks over substantive issues. It fosters a political culture where "savviness" (winning, manipulating the media) is admired more than integrity or policy, and where fundamental constitutional principles are dismissed as "left-wing radicalism."

Dangerous consequences. The ultimate consequence of this cycle is a country led by "Great American Hypocrites" who, driven by psychological needs and political expediency, implement radical and destructive policies—endless wars, unchecked surveillance, erosion of civil liberties—with little critical analysis or accountability. The media's "YAAWWN" to serious issues ensures that these "big myths" and the "Great American Hypocrites who feed off them" continue to thrive.

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Review Summary

3.7 out of 5
Average of 450 ratings from Goodreads and Amazon.

Great American Hypocrites exposes Republican hypocrisy through extensive documentation, though reviews are mixed on execution. Many praise Greenwald's thorough research and powerful indictment of conservative myths, particularly regarding John Wayne and John McCain. However, critics frequently cite repetitiveness, with arguments belabored beyond necessity. The book's 2008 election timing has dated its relevance. Readers appreciate the organized compilation of conservative contradictions but note the content largely echoes Greenwald's blog, making it feel like preaching to the choir. While informative, the overwhelmingly detailed evidence and petulant tone diminish readability for some.

Your rating:
4.18
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About the Author

Glenn Greenwald is an American lawyer, columnist, blogger, and author recognized for his constitutional expertise and civil rights litigation background. Before becoming a prominent political commentator, he worked as a constitutional and civil-rights litigator. He gained widespread recognition as a contributor to Salon.com, where he focuses extensively on political and legal topics, particularly constitutional rights violations and government accountability. His writing style, characterized by thorough research and detailed evidence presentation, has also appeared in major publications including The New York Times, The Los Angeles Times, The American Conservative, The National Interest, and In These Times, establishing him as an influential progressive voice.

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